WUT多元复合粉末渗锌技术
多元复合粉末渗锌技术是一种多元合金化表面改性技术，通过在渗剂中引入锌（Zn）以外的合金元素（如铝、镍、稀土、镁等），利用高温扩散作用使多种元素协同渗入钢铁材料表面，形成成分梯度分布的多元合金渗层，从而显著提升基体的耐蚀性、耐磨性及结合强度。
一、技术原理：
多元元素的 “协同扩散” 与 “梯度成相”多元复合粉末渗锌的本质是固态扩散冶金过程，核心原理是在密闭环境中，通过加热使渗剂中的锌及其他合金元素（如 Al、Ni、Ce 等）以原子形式扩散进入钢铁基体表层，与基体中的铁（Fe）发生反应，形成由表及里的 “多元合金渗层”。具体过程可分为三个阶段：渗剂活化、多元扩散、梯度成层。
二、技术优势：
多元复合粉末渗锌的技术优势源于 “多种元素的协同作用”，具体表现为：
1.耐蚀性显著提升，适应复杂环境：多元合金相的 “屏障效应”：渗层中的 Zn-Al 合金相（如 Zn₅Al₂）、Ni-Fe 相可形成更致密的氧化膜（比纯锌层的氧化膜更稳定），有效阻挡水、氧气、氯离子等腐蚀介质侵入。
2.渗层结合强度高，无氢脆风险：多元复合渗层与基体为冶金结合（原子级扩散结合），结合强度可达 150-300MPa，可承受振动、冲击等工况而不剥落；整个工艺过程无电解步骤，避免了电镀中 “氢脆”的风险，特别适合高强度螺栓、弹簧等受力部件。
3.耐磨性与耐高温性优化：渗层中的 Ni-Fe金相、稀土化合物（如 CeO₂）可细化晶粒，提高渗层硬度（通常为 150-300HV），耐磨性提升 2-3 倍；
4.渗层均匀性好，适应复杂形状工件。粉末渗锌的 “全方位包裹” 特性，使多元复合渗层可均匀覆盖工件的凹槽、盲孔、螺纹等复杂部位（厚度偏差＜10%），而热镀锌易在边角形成锌瘤，电镀则难以深入窄缝。
5.环保性优于传统工艺：相比热镀锌（高温锌浴产生大量锌烟污染）和电镀（含重金属废水），多元复合粉末渗锌的渗剂可回收复用（利用率＞90%），且无有毒气体或废水排放，符合环保要求。
三、典型应用领域：
多元复合粉末渗锌技术因优异的综合性能，广泛应用于对防腐、耐磨、无氢脆有严格要求的场景：
1.电力与通信行业：高压输电铁塔的螺栓、法兰、电力金具（耐户外风雨、工业粉尘腐蚀）；
2.轨道交通：高铁、地铁的轨道扣件、连接件（承受振动且需耐潮湿环境腐蚀）；
3.海洋工程：港口机械、海水淡化设备的钢结构件（抵抗氯离子强腐蚀）；
4.工程车辆与部件：底盘螺栓、传动轴部件（需耐磨且避免氢脆断裂）；
5.市政建筑与桥梁：高强度钢结构螺栓、预埋件（长期暴露在大气或土壤中）
WUT Multielement Composite Powder Zincizing Technology
Multielement Composite Powder Zincizing Technology is a surface modification technology that introduces alloy elements (e.g., Al, Ni, rare earths, Mg) alongside zinc into steel substrates. Through high-temperature diffusion, these elements co-penetrate the surface, forming a gradient-distributed multi-alloy layer. This significantly enhances corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and bonding strength.
I.Technical Principle
The essence of "synergistic diffusion" and "gradient phase formation" of multielement composite powder zincizing technology is a solid-state diffusion metallurgy process. The core principle is to diffuse zinc and other alloy elements (such as Al, Ni, Ce, etc.) in the form of atoms into the surface of the steel matrix through heating in a closed environment, and react with iron (Fe) in the matrix to form a "multi-element alloy infiltration layer" from the surface to the inside. The specific process can be divided into three stages: agent activation, multiple diffusion, and gradient layering.
II.Technical Advantages
The technical advantage of multielement composite powder zincizing technology lies in the synergistic effect of multiple elements, which is specifically manifested as:
1.Enhanced Corrosion Resistance:The "barrier effect" of multi-element alloy phases: Zn Al alloy phases (such as Zn ₅ Al ₂) and Ni Fe phases in the infiltration layer can form a denser oxide film (more stable than the oxide film of pure zinc layer), effectively blocking the invasion of corrosive media such as water, oxygen, chloride ions, etc.
2.Ultra-High Bonding Strength & Hydrogen Embrittlement-Free:The multi-element composite infiltration layer is metallurgically bonded with the matrix (atomic level diffusion bonding), with a bonding strength of up to 150-300 MPa, which can withstand vibration, impact and other working conditions without peeling off; The entire process involves no electrolytic steps, avoiding the risk of "hydrogen embrittlement" during electroplating, making it particularly suitable for high-strength bolts, springs, and other load-bearing components.
3.Optimized Wear/Heat Resistance:The Ni Fe metallography and rare earth compounds (such as CeO ₂) in the infiltration layer can refine the grains, increase the hardness of the infiltration layer (usually 150-300HV), and improve the wear resistance by 2-3 times.
4.Uniform Coverage for Complex Geometries:The "all-round wrapping" characteristic of powder zinc infiltration enables the multi-element composite infiltration layer to uniformly cover complex parts such as grooves, blind holes, threads, etc. of the workpiece (thickness deviation<10%), while hot-dip galvanizing is prone to forming zinc nodules at the corners, and electroplating is difficult to penetrate into narrow gaps.
5.Eco-Friendly Process:Compared to hot-dip galvanizing (which generates a large amount of zinc smoke pollution in high-temperature zinc baths) and electroplating (which contains heavy metal wastewater), the infiltration agent for multielement composite powder zincizing technology can be recycled and reused (utilization rate>90%), and there is no toxic gas or wastewater discharge, which meets environmental protection requirements.
III.Typical application areas
The multielement composite powder zincizing technology is widely used in scenarios with strict requirements for corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and hydrogen embrittlement due to its excellent comprehensive performance:
1.Power and communication industry: bolts, flanges, and power fittings for high-voltage transmission towers (resistant to outdoor wind, rain, and industrial dust corrosion);
2.Rail transit: rail fasteners and connectors for high-speed trains and subways (capable of withstanding vibration and corrosion in humid environments);
3.Marine engineering: steel structural components for port machinery and seawater desalination equipment (resistant to strong chloride ion corrosion);
4.Engineering vehicles and components: chassis bolts, transmission shaft components (must be wear-resistant and avoid hydrogen embrittlement fracture);
5.Municipal buildings and bridges: high-strength steel structural bolts, embedded parts (exposed to the atmosphere or soil for a long time).